2021知到答案 Basic Chemistry 基础化学 智慧树网课章节测试答案

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第一章 章节测试

1、选择题:Solids have a __________ shape and are not appreciably __________.
选项：
A:sharp, convertible
B:indefinite, compressible
C:indefinite, incompressible
D:definite, incompressible
E:definite, compressible
答案: 【definite, compressible】
2、选择题:The symbol for the element potassium is __________.
选项：
A:S
B:Ca
C:P
D:Pt
E:K
答案: 【K】
3、选择题:The SI unit for mass is __________.
选项：
A:pound
B:kilogram
C:gram
D:troy ounce
答案: 【kilogram】
4、选择题:The temperature of 25°C is __________ in kelvins.
选项：
A:166
B:248
C:298
D:103
E:138
答案: 【298】
5、选择题:The density of silver is 10.5 g/cm3. A piece of silver with a mass of 61.3 g would occupy a volume of __________ cm3.
选项：
A:644
B:5.84
C:10.5
D:0.171
E:0.00155
答案: 【5.84】
6、选择题:The correct result of the molecular mass calculation for H2SO4 is ________. 4 × 15.9994 + 32.066 + 2 × 1.0079
选项：
A:98.079
B:98.84
C:98.838
D:98.08
E:98.074
答案: 【98.079】
7、选择题:There are __________ significant figures in the answer to the following computation: (29.2 – 20.0) (1.79 × 105)/1.39
选项：
A:3
B:1
C:4
D:5
E:2
答案: 【2】
8、选择题:Of the following, __________ is the smallest mass.
选项：
A:25 kg
B:2.5 × 1010 ng
C:2.5 × 109 fg
D:2.5 × 10-2 mg
E:2.5 × 1015 pg
答案: 【2.5 × 109 fg】
9、选择题:Accuracy refers to __________.
选项：
A:how close a measured number is to infinity
B:how close a measured number is to other measured numbers
C:how close a measured number is to the calculated value
D:how close a measured number is to the true value
E:how close a measured number is to zero
答案: 【how close a measured number is to the true value】
10、选择题:In which one of the following numbers are all of the zeros significant?
选项：
A:100.09009
B:0.003002
C:0.14329
D:0.1
E:0.05843
答案: 【100.09009】

第二章 章节测试

1、选择题:A certain mass of carbon reacts with 13.6 g of oxygen to form carbon monoxide. __________ grams of oxygen would react with that same mass of carbon to form carbon dioxide, according to the law of multiple proportions?
选项：
A:136
B:25.6
C:27.2
D:6.8
E:13.6
答案: 【27.2】[$]
2、选择题:Which statement below correctly describes the responses of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation to an electric field?
选项：
A:Both alpha and gamma are deflected in the same direction, while beta shows no response
B:Both alpha and beta are deflected in the same direction, while gamma shows no response
C:Alpha and beta are deflected in opposite directions, while gamma shows no response
D:Both beta and gamma are deflected in the same direction, while alpha shows no response
E:Only alpha is deflected, while beta and gamma show no response
答案: 【Alpha and beta are deflected in opposite directions, while gamma shows no response】
3、选择题:__________ and __________ reside in the atomic nucleus.
选项：
A:Protons, neutrons
B:none of the above
C:Neutrons, only neutrons
D:Protons, electrons
E:Electrons, neutrons
答案: 【Protons, neutrons】
4、选择题:Which one of the following is not true concerning cathode rays?
选项：
A:They impart a negative charge to metals exposed to them
B:They originate from the negative electrode
C:The characteristics of cathode rays depend on the material from which they are emitted
D:They are made up of electrons
E:They travel in straight lines in the absence of electric or magnetic fields
答案: 【The characteristics of cathode rays depend on the material from which they are emitted】
5、选择题:The charge on an electron was determined in the __________.
选项：
A:Millikan oil drop experiment
B:cathode ray tube, by J. J. Thompson
C:atomic theory of matter
D:Rutherford gold foil experiment
E:Dalton atomic theory
答案: 【Millikan oil drop experiment】
6、选择题:In the Rutherford nuclear-atom model, __________.
选项：
A:the heavy subatomic particles, protons and neutrons, reside in the nucleus
B:the three principal subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons) all have essentially the same mass and mass is spread essentially uniformly throughout the atom
C:mass is spread essentially uniformly throughout the atom
D:the three principal subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons) all have essentially the same mass
E:the light subatomic particles, protons and neutrons, reside in the nucleus
答案: 【the heavy subatomic particles, protons and neutrons, reside in the nucleus】
7、选择题:All atoms of a given element have the same __________.
选项：
A:number of neutrons
B:number of electrons and neutrons
C:mass
D:number of protons
E:density
答案: 【number of protons】
8、选择题:An atom of the most common isotope of gold, 197Au, has __________ protons, __________ neutrons, and __________ electrons.
选项：
A:79, 118, 118
B:79, 118, 79
C:79, 197, 197
D:197, 79, 118
E:118, 79, 39
答案: 【79, 118, 79】
9、选择题:Which combination of protons, neutrons, and electrons is correct for the isotope copper-63, ?
选项：
A:63 p+ , 29 n°, 63 e−
B:34 p+ , 29 n°, 34 e−
C:34 p+ , 34 n°, 29 e−
D:29 p+ , 34 n°, 29 e−
E:29 p+ , 29 n°, 63 e−
答案: 【29 p+ , 34 n°, 29 e−】
10、选择题:Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of __________ but differing number of __________.
选项：
A:protons, neutrons
B:neutrons, electrons
C:electrons, protons
D:protons, electrons
E:neutrons, protons
答案: 【protons, neutrons】

第三章 章节测试

1、选择题:__________ is credited with developing the concept of atomic numbers.
选项：
A:Ernest Rutherford
B:Dmitri Mendeleev
C:Henry Moseley
D:Michael Faraday
E:Lothar Meyer
答案: 【Henry Moseley】
2、选择题:Elements in the modern version of the periodic table are arranged in order of increasing __________.
选项：
A:number of isotopes
B:average atomic mass
C:atomic mass
D:oxidation number
E:atomic number
答案: 【atomic number】
3、选择题:The first ionization energies of the elements __________ as you go from left to right across a period of the periodic table, and __________ as you go from the bottom to the top of a group in the table.
选项：
A:decrease, decrease
B:increase, increase
C:are completely unpredictable
D:decrease, increase
E:increase, decrease
答案: 【increase, increase】
4、选择题:In general, as you go across a period in the periodic table from left to right: (1) the atomic radius __________; (2) the electron affinity becomes __________ negative; and (3) the first ionization energy __________.
选项：
A:increases, increasingly, decreases
B:decreases, increasingly, decreases
C:increases, increasingly, increases
D:decreases, decreasingly, increases
E:decreases, increasingly, increases
答案: 【decreases, increasingly, increases】
5、选择题:Which of the following traits characterizes the alkali metals?
选项：
A:existence as diatomic molecules
B:very high melting point
C:the lowest first ionization energies in a period
D:the smallest atomic radius in a period
E:formation of dianions
答案: 【the lowest first ionization energies in a period】
6、选择题:Oxides of the active metals combine with water to form __________.
选项：
A:metal hydrides
B:metal hydroxides
C:oxygen gas
D:water and a salt
E:hydrogen gas
答案: 【metal hydroxides】
7、选择题:An alkaline earth metal forms a compound with oxygen with the formula __________. (The symbol M represents any one of the alkaline earth metals.)
选项：
A:M2O2
B:MO2
C:M2O
D:MO
E:MO3
答案: 【MO】
8、选择题:Which non-metal exists as a diatomic solid?
选项：
A:phosphorus
B:boron
C:antimony
D:bromine
E:iodine
答案: 【iodine】
9、选择题:The only noble gas that does not have the ns2np6 valence electron configuration is __________.
选项：
A:All noble gases have the ns2np6 valence electron configuration
B:helium
C:krypton
D:neon
E:radon
答案: 【helium】
10、选择题:What is the oxidation number of chromium in [Cr(NH3)4Cl2]Cl __________?
选项：
A:-2
B:2
C:3
D:0
E:-3
答案: 【3】

第四章 章节测试

1、选择题:There are __________ paired and __________ unpaired electrons in the Lewis symbol for a phosphorus atom.
选项：
A:0, 3
B:2, 4
C:4, 3
D:2, 3
E:4, 2
答案: 【2, 3】
2、选择题:There are __________ unpaired electrons in the Lewis symbol for an oxygen atom.
选项：
A:3
B:0
C:2
D:4
E:1
答案: 【2】
3、选择题:The electron configuration of the phosphide ion (P3- ) is __________.
选项：
A:[Ne]3s23p6
B:[Ne]3s2
C:[Ne]3s23p1
D:[Ne]3s23p3
E:[Ne]3p2
答案: 【[Ne]3s23p6】
4、选择题:Elements from opposite sides of the periodic table tend to form __________.
选项：
A:homonuclear diatomic compounds
B:covalent compounds that are gaseous at room temperature
C:ionic compounds
D:compounds that are gaseous at room temperature
E:covalent compounds
答案: 【ionic compounds】
5、选择题:Determining lattice energy from Born-Haber cycle data requires the use of __________.
选项：
A:the octet rule
B:Hess’s law
C:Periodic law
D:Coulomb’s law
E:Avogadro’s number
答案: 【Hess’s law】
6、选择题:How many hydrogen atoms must bond to silicon to give it an octet of valence electrons?
选项：
A:4
B:5
C:3
D:1
E:2
答案: 【4】
7、选择题:In the molecule below, which atom has the largest partial negative charge __________?
选项：
A:C
B:Br
C:I
D:F
E:Cl
答案: 【F】
8、选择题:Electronegativity __________ from left to right within a period and __________ from top to bottom within a group.
选项：
A:increases, stays the same
B:increases, increases
C:stays the same, increases
D:increases, decreases
E:decreases, increases
答案: 【increases, decreases】
9、选择题:The Lewis structure of AsH3 shows __________ nonbonding electron pair(s) on As.
选项：
A:1
B:This cannot be determined from the data given.
C:3
D:0
E:2
答案: 【1】
10、选择题:The formal charge on carbon in the molecule below is __________.
选项：
A:1
B:3
C:2
D:0
E:-1
答案: 【0】

第五章 章节测试

1、选择题:The correct name for K2S is __________.
选项：
A:potassium bisulfide
B:dipotassium sulfate
C:potassium sulfide
D:potassium disulfide
E:potassium sulfate
答案: 【potassium sulfide】
2、选择题:The correct name for H2SO3 is __________.
选项：
A:sulfurous acid
B:sulfur hydroxide
C:hydrosulfuric acid
D:sulfuric acid
E:hydrosulfic acid
答案: 【sulfurous acid】
3、选择题:The correct name of the compound Na3N is __________.
选项：
A:sodium nitride
B:trisodium nitride
C:sodium trinitride
D:sodium(IX) nitride
E:sodium azide
答案: 【sodium nitride】
4、选择题:The ions Ca2+ and PO43- form a salt with the formula __________.
选项：
A:CaPO4
B:Ca2PO4
C:Ca3(PO4 )2
D:Ca2(PO4 )3
E:Ca(PO4)2
答案: 【Ca3(PO4 )2】
5、选择题:Element M reacts with fluorine to form an ionic compound with the formula MF3 . The M-ion has 18 electrons. Element M is __________.
选项：
A:Ar
B:Ca
C:P
D:Cr
E:Sc
答案: 【Sc】
6、选择题:The conjugate base of HSO4– is
选项：
A:HSO4+
B:H2SO4
C:OH–
D:SO42-
E:H3SO4+
答案: 【SO42-】
7、选择题:What is the pH of an aqueous solution at 25.0 °C in which [H+] is 0.00250 M?
选项：
A:-2.6
B:2.6
C:2.25
D:-3.4
E:3.4
答案: 【2.6】
8、选择题:What is the concentration (in M) of hydronium ions in a solution at 25.0 °C with pH = 4.282?
选项：
A:4.28
B:9.71
C:1.66 × 104
D:5.22 × 10-5
E:1.92 × 10-10
答案: 【5.22 × 10-5】
9、选择题:What is the pH of a 0.0150 M aqueous solution of barium hydroxide?
选项：
A:1.82
B:12.2
C:1.52
D:10.4
E:12.5
答案: 【12.5】

第六章 章节测试

1、选择题:When the following equation is balanced, the coefficients are __________. NH3 (g) + O2 (g) → NO2 (g) + H2O (g)
选项：
A:4, 7, 4, 6
B:2, 3, 2, 3
C:4, 3, 4, 3
D:1, 1, 1, 1
E:1, 3, 1, 2
答案: 【4, 7, 4, 6】
2、选择题:When the following equation is balanced, the coefficient of Al is __________. Al (s) + H2O (l) → Al(OH)3 (s) + H2 (g)
选项：
A:3
B:4
C:5
D:2
E:1
答案: 【2】
3、选择题:When the following equation is balanced, the coefficient of O2 is __________. C2H4O (g) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + H2O (g)
选项：
A:2
B:1
C:3
D:5
E:4
答案: 【5】
4、选择题:Write the balanced equation for the reaction that occurs when methanol, CH3CH (l) is burned in air. What is the coefficient of methanol in the balanced equation?
选项：
A:3
B:2
C:1
D:4
E:1.5
答案: 【2】
5、选择题:The balanced equation for the decomposition of sodium azide is __________.
选项：
A:2NaN3 (s) → 2Na (s) + 2N2 (g)
B:2NaN3 (s) → 2Na (s) + 3N2 (g)
C:NaN3 (s) → Na (s) + N2 (g) + N (g)
D:2NaN3 (s) → Na2 (s) + 3N2 (g)
E:NaN3 (s) → Na (s) + N2 (g)
答案: 【2NaN3 (s) → 2Na (s) + 3N2 (g)】
6、选择题:The solubility of manganese (II) hydroxide (Mn(OH)2) is 2.2 × 10-5 M. What is the Ksp of Mn(OH)2?
选项：
A:4.8 × 10-10
B:2.2 × 10-5
C:4.3 × 10-14
D:2.1 × 10-14
E:1.1 × 10-14
答案: 【4.3 × 10-14】
7、选择题:What is the empirical formula of a compound that contains 49.4 % K, 20.3 % S, and 30.3 % O by mass?
选项：
A:KSO3
B:K2SO3
C:KSO4
D:KSO2
E:K2SO4
答案: 【K2SO3】
8、选择题:A compound contains 40.0 % C, 6.71 % H, and 53.29 % O by mass. The molecular weight of the compound is 60.05 amu. The molecular formula of this compound is __________.
选项：
A:C2H2O4
B:CHO2
C:C2H4O2
D:CH2O
E:C2H3O4
答案: 【C2H4O2】
9、选择题:Magnesium and nitrogen react in a combination reaction to produce magnesium nitride: 3 Mg + N2 → Mg3N2 In a particular experiment, a 9.27 g sample of N2 reacts completely. The mass of Mg consumed is __________ g.
选项：
A:16.1
B:0.92
C:24.1
D:13.9
E:8.04
答案: 【24.1】
10、选择题:Which of the following reactions is a redox reaction? (a) K2CrO4 + BaCl2 → BaCrO4 + 2KCl (b) Pb22+ + 2Br- → PbBr (c) Cu + S → CuS
选项：
A:(b) and (c)
B:(a) and (c)
C:(a) only
D:(b) only
E:(c) only
答案: 【(c) only】

第七章 章节测试

1、选择题:A gas at a pressure of 10.0 Pa exerts a force of __________ N on an area of 5.5 m2.
选项：
A:55
B:18
C:0.55
D:1.8
E:5.5
答案: 【55】
2、选择题:A gas vessel is attached to an open-end manometer containing a non- volatile liquid of density 0.791 g/mL as shown below. The difference in heights of the is 755 mm Hg. Given that the density of mercury is 13.6 g/mL, the pressure of the enclosed gas is __________ atm. liquid in the two sides of the manometer is 43.4 cm when the atmospheric pressure
选项：
A:0.99
B:0.987
C:0.993
D:1.03
E:0.96
答案: 【0.96】
3、选择题:A sample of a gas (5.0 mol) at 1.0 atm is expanded at constant temperature from 10 L to 15 L. The final pressure is __________ atm.
选项：
A:3.3
B:0.67
C:1.5
D:7.5
E:15
答案: 【0.67】
4、选择题:A sample of H2 gas (12.28 g) occupies 100.0 L at 400.0 K and 2.00 atm. A sample weighing 9.49 g occupies__________ L at 353 K and 2.00 atm.
选项：
A:147
B:68.2
C:109
D:54.7
E:77.3
答案: 【68.2】
5、选择题:A 0.325 L flask filled with gas at 0.914 atm and 19 °C contains __________ mol of gas.
选项：
A:1.48 × 10-2
B:1.24 × 10-2
C:80.7
D:9.42
E:12.4
答案: 【1.24 × 10-2】
6、选择题:A sample of gas (1.3 mol) occupies __________ L at 22 °C and 2.5 atm.
选项：
A:13
B:0.079
C:31
D:3.2 × 10-2
E:0.94
答案: 【13】
7、选择题:A flask contains a mixture of He and Ne at a total pressure of 2.6 atm. There are 2.0 mol of He and 5.0 mol of Ne in the flask. The partial pressure of He is __________ atm.
选项：
A:0.74
B:1.86
C:6.5
D:1.04
E:9.1
答案: 【0.74】
8、选择题:The root-mean-square speed of CO at 113 °C is __________ m/s.
选项：
A:993
B:58.3
C:31.5
D:586
E:317
答案: 【586】
9、选择题:A sample of N2 gas (2.0 mmol) effused through a pinhole in 5.5 s. It will take __________ s for the same amount of CH4 to effuse under the same conditions.
选项：
A:9.6
B:5.5
C:7.3
D:3.1
E:4.2
答案: 【4.2】
10、选择题:Using the van der Waals equation, the pressure in a 22.4 L vessel containing 1.00 mol of neon gas at 100 °C is__________ atm. (a = 0.211 L2 atm/mol2 , b = 0.0171 L/mol)
选项：
A:1
B:0.73
C:1.21
D:0.367
E:1.37
答案: 【1.37】

第八章 章节测试

1、选择题:A solution is prepared by dissolving 15.0 g of NH3 in 250 g of water. The density of the resulting solution is 0.974 g/mL. The mole fraction of NH3 in the solution is __________.
选项：
A:0.922
B:16.8
C:0.0597
D:0.94
E:0.064
答案: 【0.0597】
2、选择题:The vapor pressure of pure water at 25 °C is 23.8 torr. Determine the vapor pressure (torr) of water at 25 °C above a solution prepared by dissolving 35 g of urea (a non-volatile, non-electrolyte, MW = 60.0 g/mol) in 75 g of water.
选项：
A:3.3
B:27
C:0.88
D:21
E:2.9
答案: 【21】
3、选择题:The freezing point of ethanol (C2H5OH) is -114.6 °C. The molal freezing point depression constant for ethanol is 2.00 °C/m. What is the freezing point (°C) of a solution prepared by dissolving 50.0 g of glycerine (C3H8O3 a nonelectrolyte) in 200 g of ethanol?
选项：
A:-5.42
B:-114.6
C:-120
D:-115
E:-132.3
答案: 【-120】
4、选择题:A solution is prepared by dissolving 6.00 g of an unknown nonelectrolyte in enough water to make 1.00 L of solution. The osmotic pressure of this solution is 0.750 atm at 25.0 °C. What is the molecular weight (g/mol) of the unknown solute?
选项：
A:5.12 × 10-3
B:30.6
C:195
D:110
E:16.4
答案: 【195】
5、选择题:The principal reason for the extremely low solubility of NaCl in benzene (C6H6) is the __________.
选项：
A:increased disorder due to mixing of solute and solvent
B:strong solvent-solvent interactions
C:weak solvation of Na+ and Cl– by C6H6
D:hydrogen bonding in C6H6
E:strength of the covalent bond in NaCl
答案: 【weak solvation of Na+ and Cl– by C6H6】
6、选择题:Pairs of liquids that will mix in all proportions are called __________ liquids.
选项：
A:unsaturated
B:polar liquids
C:miscible
D:saturated
E:supersaturated
答案: 【miscible】
7、选择题:The solubility of oxygen gas in water at 25 °C and 1.0 atm pressure of oxygen is 0.041 g/L The solubility of oxygen in water at 3.0 atm and 25 °C is __________ g/L.
选项：
A:0.014
B:0.041
C:0.31
D:3
E:0.12
答案: 【0.12】
8、选择题:A sample of potassium chlorate (15.0 g) is dissolved in 201 g of water at 70 °C with precautions taken to avoid evaporation of any water. The solution is cooled to 30.0 °C and no precipitate is observed. This solution is __________.
选项：
A:saturated
B:unsaturated
C:miscible
D:hydrated
E:supersaturated
答案: 【unsaturated】
9、选择题:The concentration of lead nitrate (Pb(NO3 )2) in a 0.726 M solution is __________ molal. The density of the solution is 1.202 g/mL.
选项：
A:0.65
B:1.928
C:0.819
D:0.476
E:0.755
答案: 【0.755】
10、选择题:The concentration of a benzene solution prepared by mixing 12.0 g C6H6 with 38.0 g CCl4 is __________ molal.
选项：
A:0.622
B:4.04
C:0.24
D:0.508
E:0.316
答案: 【4.04】[/$]

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